If you want to just record yourself to see how your playing sounds (and to reveal what to work on as you practice!) , you can do it even with a single mic.
If you want to record yourself for other reasons (recording a song, posting video etc) then you can do a great job with 3 or 4 mics - some combination of Kick, Snare, and one or two overheads.
To get good results you will need to spend some time to experiment/learn about where to place the mics (small differences in placement can make a big difference in the resulting sound). You will learn as you go along.
There are many methods described on the web for recording with any number of mics (including a single mic). If you search this forum using the text 'mics' or 'microphone' you can get an idea of the methods folks here like to use, and you will find advice on which mics work well. (And many of us get great results using mics that don't cost the earth).
You will also find mention (here on DW and on the wider web) of such gems as 'recording drums with one mic/two mics', 'glyn johns method', 'recorderman method' (my favourite so far) - each of which is a method for where to place the mics. Google these names and read what you find.
Try the methods out. There are more, but these are great places to start. I have got some results I like already, after several hours experimenting with these methods.