Actually, cyanoacrylates (super glues) have very poor vibration or impact resistance. They crack and fall apart easily. Best for bonding close fitting rigid items.
Removeable and good bonding though vibration are kind of mutually exclusive. I think those pieces have an acrylic based pressure sensitive adhesive on them. Which normally bonds pretty well. 3M VHB (very high bond) tape is such a material. This is what is often used to attach automotive trim pieces.
You want to make sure that the surface you're bonding to is clean. If you are trying to bond to a smooth clear head, then you'll want to rough it up a bit with some scotch brite pads or similar.
If you're trying to quiet down a bass drum for something like a small church or rehearsals, I would highly recommend looking into the Lidwish bass drum beater. It's not going to give a metal like click, but sounds more natural than an over damped or muted bass drum. All the while reducing the volume at least as much as a sound off mute.