Re: Bass drum mic through headphones
I would first investigate the problem, sometimes trying to amplify just one element can lead to other problems. Would it be wiser to change what you're using to monitor with? Is your bass drum just not loud enough in your monitors? Do you have too much muffling inside of your bass drum? Is it tuned just too low to work with the rest of the drums or band.
You can always mic your bass drum, but I would also mic your kit with an overhead to better balance what you hear. Small inexpensive mixers have headphone outputs, but many might not have enough gain or volume to drive the monitors that you're using. A lot will also depend on the sensitivity of your monitors. Most microphones will work with most mixers, one of the exceptions here would be using a phantom powered (condenser) microphone with a mixer that doesn't deliver 48v phantom power. Most mixers now a days from the smallest to the largest will support phantom power.
Another thing to think about is, having your own personal "just drum" monitors, will this isolate you too much from the environment that you're playing in, such as other band members and vocalists.
BTW, don't plug your headsets directly into high level speaker jacks. Depending on the output of the amplifier, the high output level can ruin both you headsets and your hearing if they are not properly attenuated.
If I'm now understanding your post correctly, it seems as if you want this for playing at your own location and not with others. If this is the case, what I mentioned above about using two microphones mixed properly will be your best bet. You can use a small, up to a four channel, microphone mixer to accomplish this. Just make sure that it can be returned if you can't get enough gain from the headphone jack. I would use headphones with a high isolation factor for better control over your surroundings and also to prevent you from having to turn your headset so loud that it will affect your hearing. You might even have to double up by using ear buds and isolation muffs to be able to block out the room sound. I recommend Vic Firth isolation muffs, but not their active headphones.
Dennis